Isaiah - Revision history

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2006-10-01T21:02:55Z

updates from Catholic Encyclopedia

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2006-09-25T01:36:31Z

‎External links: A&E

Reds0xfan: /* Empires during his life */ spelling

2006-09-16T23:36:01Z

‎Empires during his life: spelling

Reds0xfan: /* Empires during his life */ spelling

2006-09-16T23:35:04Z

‎Empires during his life: spelling

Reds0xfan: added photo, took out all unicode problems, links

2006-09-16T22:43:51Z

added photo, took out all unicode problems, links

Reds0xfan at 22:06, 16 September 2006

2006-09-16T22:06:35Z

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[[Image:Isaiah-Michelangelo.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Isaiah the Prophet in Hebrew Scriptures was depicted on the [[Sistine Chapel]] ceiling by [[Michelangelo]].]]
{{Otheruses4|Jewish prophet|the Book of Isaiah|Book of Isaiah}}

'''Isaiah''' or '''Yeshayáhu''' ('''יְשַׁעְיָהוּ''' "Salvation of/is [[Tetragrammaton|the Lord]]", [[Standard Hebrew]] '''{{Unicode|Yəšaʿyáhu}}''', [[Tiberian Hebrew]] '''{{Unicode|Yəšaʿăyāhû}}''', [[Greek language|Greek]] '''{{Polytonic|Ἠσαίας}}''' = '''Ēsaias''', [[Arabic]]: Ishaia, أشعياء) was the son of [[Amoz]], and commonly considered the author of the [[Book of Isaiah]]. His ease of access to the king and other leaders (ref. Isa. 7:3; 8:2), taken with traditional sources which tell us that Isaiah was the cousin of [[Uzziah]] and therefore of [[royal]] [[lineage]], suggests he was of a family of high rank.

==Biography==
Isaiah was married to a woman referred to as "the prophetess" (8:3). Why she is called this is disputed. Some believe she may have carried out a prophetic ministry in her own right, like [[Deborah]] ([[Judges]] 4:4) and [[Huldah]] ([[2 Kings]] 22:14-20). Others maintain, however, that it was simply because she was the wife of "the prophet" (Isa. 38:1),and not because she was herself endowed with the prophetic gift. Isaiah had by her two sons, who bore symbolic names (Isa. 8:18) - [[Shear-jashub]], 'Remnant will return' or '[Only] a remnant will return' (7:3) and [[Maher-shalal-hash-baz]], 'To speed the spoil he hasteneth the prey' or, 'Destruction is imminent'(8:1-4).

He exercised the functions of his office during the reigns of [[Uzziah]] (or Azariah), [[Jotham]], [[Ahaz]], and [[Hezekiah]] (1:1), the kings of [[Kingdom of Judah]]. Uzziah reigned fifty-two years in the middle of the 8th century BC, and Isaiah must have begun his career a few years before Uzziah's death, probably in the 740s BC. He lived till the fourteenth year of Hezekiah, and in all likelihood outlived that monarch (who died 698 BC), and may have been contemporary for some years with [[Manasseh]]. Thus Isaiah may have prophesied for the long period of at least sixty-four years.
[[Image:Ugolino di Nerio 001.jpg|thumb|left|The Prophet Isaiah, by Ugolino di Nerio]]
His first call to the prophetical office is not recorded. A second call came to him "in the year that [[Uzziah|King Uzziah]] died" (Isa. 6:1). He exercised his ministry in a spirit of uncompromising firmness and boldness in regard to all that bore on the interests of religion. He conceals nothing and keeps nothing back from fear of man. He was also noted for his spirituality and for his deep-toned reverence toward "the holy One of Israel," whom Christians generally believe was the [[Messiah]] as quoted in passages of Handel's famous [[Messiah (Handel)|oratorio]] by that name. Isaiah and [[Micah]] were contemporaries (see Isa. 1:1 and Micah 1:1). They concentrated their prophecies mainly on Judah and Jerusalem (Isa. 1:1). [[Amos]] and [[Hosea]] preceded Isaiah (Amos 1:1; Hosea 1:1) and they prophesied mainly against the Northern tribes of Israel.

==Empires during his life==
In early youth Isaiah must have been moved by the invasion of [[Kingdom of Israel]] by the [[Assyria]]n monarch [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] (2 Kings 15:19); and again, twenty years later, when he had already entered on his office, by the invasion of [[Tiglath-Pileser III|Tiglath-Pileser]] and his career of conquest. [[Ahaz]], king of Judah, at this crisis refused to co-operate with the kings of [[Kingdom of Israel]] and [[Syria]] in opposition to the Assyrians, and was on that account attacked and defeated by Rezin of [[Damascus]] and [[Pekah]] of Israel (2 Kings 16:5; [[Books of Chronicles|2 Chronicles]] 28:5, 6). Ahaz, thus humbled, sided with Assyria, and sought the aid of [[Tiglath-Pileser III|Tiglath-Pileser]] against Israel and Syria. The consequence was that Rezin and Pekah were conquered and many of the people carried captive to Assyria (2 Kings 15:29; 16:9; [[Books of Chronicles|1 Chronicles]] 5:26).

Soon after this [[Shalmaneser V]] determined wholly to subdue the kingdom of Israel, [[Samaria]] was taken and destroyed ([[720s BC|722 BC]]). So long as Ahaz reigned, the kingdom of Judah was unmolested by the Assyrian power; but on his accession to the throne, Hezekiah, who was encouraged by Isaiah to rebel "against the king of Assyria" (2 Kings 18:7), entered into an alliance with the king of [[Egypt]] (Isa. 30:2-4). This led the king of Assyria to threaten the king of Judah, and at length to invade the land. [[Sennacherib]] ([[700s BC|701 BC]]) led a powerful army into Judah. Hezekiah was reduced to despair, and submitted to the Assyrians (2 Kings 18:14-16). But after a brief interval war broke out again, and again Sennacherib led an army into Judah, one detachment of which threatened Jerusalem (Isa. 36:2-22; 37:8). Isaiah on that occasion encouraged Hezekiah to resist the Assyrians (37:1-7), whereupon Sennacherib sent a threatening letter to Hezekiah, which he "spread before the Lord" (37:14). According to the account in Kings (and its derivative account in Chronicles) the judgement of God now fell on the Assyrian army. "Like [[Xerxes I|Xerxes]] in Greece, Sennacherib never recovered from the shock of the disaster in Judah. He made no more expeditions against either southern Palestine or Egypt."

[[Image:Crop Book of Isaiah 2006-06-06.jpg|thumb|300px|The Book Of Isaiah]]

The remaining years of Hezekiah's reign were peaceful (2 Chr. 32:23, 27-29). Isaiah probably lived to its close, and possibly into the reign of Manasseh, but the time and manner of his death are not specified in either the [[Bible]] or recorded history.

==Traditions concerning Isaiah's death==
There is a tradition that he suffered martyrdom in the pagan reaction in the time of Manasseh. Both [[Jewish]] and [[Christian]] traditions state that he was killed by being sawed in half. Some interpreters believe that this is what is referred to by [[Epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]] 11:37 (in the [[New Testament]]), which states that some prophets were "sawn in two". It is also mentioned in the book of The Martyrdom of Isaiah that he lived into the days of Manasseh, and was also sawn in half with a wooden saw.

==External links==
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08179b.htm Isaiah (Isaias)] at the [[Catholic Encyclopedia]]
*[http://www.biblaridion-online.net/zine-online/zine06q3/bibzine06q3_p6.html ''Biblaridion magazine'':] Critical Studies in the Psalms and Isaiah by J. William Thirtle
*[http://www.google.com?Isaiah Isaiah Search]

{{eastons}}

[[Category:Jewish prophets]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Image:Isaiah-Michelangelo.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Isaiah the Prophet in Hebrew Scriptures was depicted on the [[Sistine Chapel]] ceiling by [[Michelangelo]].]]
-'''Isaiah''' or '''Yeshayáhu''' ('''יְשַׁעְיָהוּ''' "Salvation of/is [[Tetragrammaton|the Lord]]", [[Standard Hebrew]] was the son of [[Amoz]], and commonly considered the author of the [[Book of Isaiah]]. His ease of access to the king and other leaders (ref. Isa. 7:3; 8:2), taken with traditional sources which tell us that Isaiah was the cousin of [[Uzziah]] and therefore of royal lineage, suggests he was of a family of high rank.
+'''Isaiah''' or '''Yeshayáhu''' ('''יְשַׁעְיָהוּ''' "Salvation of/is [[Tetragrammaton|the Lord]]", [[Standard Hebrew]] was the son of [[Amoz]], and commonly considered the author of the [[Book of Isaiah]].  Other translations of his name include ''Isaias'' meaning "Yahweh is salvation".
 ==Biography==
 Isaiah was married to a woman referred to as "the prophetess" (8:3). Why she is called this is disputed. Some believe she may have carried out a prophetic ministry in her own right, like [[Deborah]] ([[Judges]] 4:4) and [[Huldah]] ([[2 Kings]] 22:14-20). Others maintain, however, that it was simply because she was the wife of "the prophet" (Isa. 38:1),and not because she was herself endowed with the prophetic gift. Isaiah had by her two sons, who bore symbolic names (Isa. 8:18) - [[Shear-jashub]], 'Remnant will return' or '[Only] a remnant will return' (7:3) and [[Maher-shalal-hash-baz]], 'To speed the spoil he hasteneth the prey' or, 'Destruction is imminent'(8:1-4).
@@ Line 20: / Line 22: @@
 ==Traditions concerning Isaiah's death==
-There is a tradition that he suffered martyrdom in the pagan reaction in the time of Manasseh. Both [[Jewish]] and [[Christian]] traditions state that he was killed by being sawed in half. Some interpreters believe that this is what is referred to by [[Epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]] 11:37 (in the [[New Testament]]), which states that some prophets were "sawn in two". It is also mentioned in the book of The Martyrdom of Isaiah that he lived into the days of Manasseh, and was also sawn in half with a wooden saw.  There is also a tradition that King [[Ahaz]], or [[King Manasseh]] was upset with Isaiah, and trapped him against a large tree.  He was tied to the tree, and the tree as well as the prophet were sawn in half.
+There is a tradition that he suffered martyrdom in the pagan reaction in the time of Manasseh. Both [[Jewish]] and [[Christian]] traditions state that he was killed by being sawed in half. Some interpreters believe that this is what is referred to by [[Epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]] 11:37 (in the [[New Testament]]), which states that some prophets were "sawn in two". It is also mentioned in the book of The Martyrdom of Isaiah that he lived into the days of Manasseh, and was also sawn in half with a wooden saw.
 [[Image:Paris psalter.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Prophet Isaiah Praying at Night'' (10th-century Byzantine miniature from the [[Paris Psalter]]).]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:36, 25 September 2006
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−	[[Category:~~prophets~~]]	+	==References==
		+	*'''Prophets'''. A&E Home video. Chapter 4. 1994. ISBN: 0-7670-8501-9.
		+
		+	[[Category:Prophets]]
		+	[[Category:Old Testament]]

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 ==Empires during his life==
-In early youth Isaiah must have been moved by the invasion of [[Kingdom of Israel]] by the [[Assyria]]n monarch [[Tiglath-Pilasser III]] (2 Kings 15:19); and again, twenty years later, when he had already entered on his office, by the invasion of [[Tiglath-Pilasser III]] and his career of conquest. [[Ahaz]], king of Judah, at this crisis refused to co-operate with the kings of [[Kingdom of Israel]] and [[Syria]] in opposition to the Assyrians, and was on that account attacked and defeated by Rezin of [[Damascus]] and [[Pekah]] of Israel (2 Kings 16:5; [[Books of Chronicles|2 Chronicles]] 28:5, 6). Ahaz, thus humbled, sided with Assyria, and sought the aid of [[Tiglath-Pileser III|Tiglath-Pileser]] against Israel and Syria. The consequence was that Rezin and Pekah were conquered and many of the people carried captive to Assyria (2 Kings 15:29; 16:9; [[Books of Chronicles|1 Chronicles]] 5:26).
+In early youth Isaiah must have been moved by the invasion of [[Kingdom of Israel]] by the [[Assyria]]n monarch [[Tiglath-Pilasser III]] (2 Kings 15:19); and again, twenty years later, when he had already entered on his office, by the invasion of [[Tiglath-Pilasser III]] and his career of conquest. [[Ahaz]], king of Judah, at this crisis refused to co-operate with the kings of [[Kingdom of Israel]] and [[Syria]] in opposition to the Assyrians, and was on that account attacked and defeated by Rezin of [[Damascus]] and [[Pekah]] of Israel (2 Kings 16:5; [[Books of Chronicles|2 Chronicles]] 28:5, 6). Ahaz, thus humbled, sided with Assyria, and sought the aid of [[Tiglath-Pilasser III|Tiglath-Pileser]] against Israel and Syria. The consequence was that Rezin and Pekah were conquered and many of the people carried captive to Assyria (2 Kings 15:29; 16:9; [[Books of Chronicles|1 Chronicles]] 5:26).
 Soon after this [[Shalmaneser V]] determined wholly to subdue the kingdom of Israel, [[Samaria]] was taken and destroyed ([[720s BC|722 BC]]). So long as Ahaz reigned, the kingdom of Judah was unmolested by the Assyrian power; but on his accession to the throne, Hezekiah, who was encouraged by Isaiah to rebel "against the king of Assyria" (2 Kings 18:7), entered into an alliance with the king of [[Egypt]] (Isa. 30:2-4). This led the king of Assyria to threaten the king of Judah, and at length to invade the land. [[Sennacherib]] ([[700s BC|701 BC]]) led a powerful army into Judah. Hezekiah was reduced to despair, and submitted to the Assyrians (2 Kings 18:14-16). But after a brief interval war broke out again, and again Sennacherib led an army into Judah, one detachment of which threatened Jerusalem (Isa. 36:2-22; 37:8). Isaiah on that occasion encouraged Hezekiah to resist the Assyrians (37:1-7), whereupon Sennacherib sent a threatening letter to Hezekiah, which he "spread before the Lord" (37:14). According to the account in Kings (and its derivative account in Chronicles) the judgement of God now fell on the Assyrian army. "Like [[Xerxes I|Xerxes]] in Greece, Sennacherib never recovered from the shock of the disaster in Judah. He made no more expeditions against either southern Palestine or Egypt."

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Image:Isaiah-Michelangelo.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Isaiah the Prophet in Hebrew Scriptures was depicted on the [[Sistine Chapel]] ceiling by [[Michelangelo]].]]
-'''Isaiah''' or '''Yeshayáhu''' ('''יְשַׁעְיָהוּ''' "Salvation of/is [[Tetragrammaton|the Lord]]", [[Standard Hebrew]] '''{{Unicode|Yəšaʿyáhu}}''', [[Tiberian Hebrew]] '''{{Unicode|Yəšaʿăyāhû}}''', [[Greek language|Greek]] '''{{Polytonic|Ἠσαίας}}''' = '''Ēsaias''', [[Arabic]]: Ishaia, أشعياء) was the son of [[Amoz]], and commonly considered the author of the [[Book of Isaiah]]. His ease of access to the king and other leaders (ref. Isa. 7:3; 8:2), taken with traditional sources which tell us that Isaiah was the cousin of [[Uzziah]] and therefore of [[royal]] [[lineage]], suggests he was of a family of high rank.
+'''Isaiah''' or '''Yeshayáhu''' ('''יְשַׁעְיָהוּ''' "Salvation of/is [[Tetragrammaton|the Lord]]", [[Standard Hebrew]] was the son of [[Amoz]], and commonly considered the author of the [[Book of Isaiah]]. His ease of access to the king and other leaders (ref. Isa. 7:3; 8:2), taken with traditional sources which tell us that Isaiah was the cousin of [[Uzziah]] and therefore of royal lineage, suggests he was of a family of high rank.
 ==Biography==
@@ Line 21: / Line 20: @@
 ==Traditions concerning Isaiah's death==
-There is a tradition that he suffered martyrdom in the pagan reaction in the time of Manasseh. Both [[Jewish]] and [[Christian]] traditions state that he was killed by being sawed in half. Some interpreters believe that this is what is referred to by [[Epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]] 11:37 (in the [[New Testament]]), which states that some prophets were "sawn in two". It is also mentioned in the book of The Martyrdom of Isaiah that he lived into the days of Manasseh, and was also sawn in half with a wooden saw.
+There is a tradition that he suffered martyrdom in the pagan reaction in the time of Manasseh. Both [[Jewish]] and [[Christian]] traditions state that he was killed by being sawed in half. Some interpreters believe that this is what is referred to by [[Epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]] 11:37 (in the [[New Testament]]), which states that some prophets were "sawn in two". It is also mentioned in the book of The Martyrdom of Isaiah that he lived into the days of Manasseh, and was also sawn in half with a wooden saw.  There is also a tradition that King [[Ahaz]], or [[King Manasseh]] was upset with Isaiah, and trapped him against a large tree.  He was tied to the tree, and the tree as well as the prophet were sawn in half.
 ==External links==
@@ Line 27: / Line 29: @@
 *[http://www.biblaridion-online.net/zine-online/zine06q3/bibzine06q3_p6.html ''Biblaridion magazine'':] Critical Studies in the Psalms and Isaiah by J. William Thirtle
 *[http://www.google.com?Isaiah Isaiah Search]
 {{eastons}}
-[[Category:Jewish prophets]]
+[[Category:prophets]]